Ezekiel 18:20

Authorized King James Version

The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ
The soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#2
הַחֹטֵ֖את
that sinneth
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
#3
הִ֣יא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#4
תָמ֑וּת
it shall die
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#5
הַבֵּ֔ן
The son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#6
לֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#7
יִשָּׂא֙
bear
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#8
בַּעֲוֺ֣ן
the iniquity
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
#9
וְאָב֙
H1
neither shall the father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#10
וְאָב֙
H1
neither shall the father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#11
לֹ֤א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#12
יִשָּׂא֙
bear
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#13
בַּעֲוֺ֣ן
the iniquity
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
#14
הַבֵּ֔ן
The son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#15
צִדְקַ֤ת
the righteousness
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
#16
הַצַּדִּיק֙
of the righteous
just
#17
עָלָ֣יו
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#18
תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#19
וְרִשְׁעַ֥ת
shall be upon him and the wickedness
wrong (especially moral)
#20
רָשָׁ֖ע
of the wicked
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
#21
עָלָ֥יו
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#22
תִּֽהְיֶֽה׃
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing righteousness contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People