Exodus 31:4

Authorized King James Version

To devise cunning works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לַחְשֹׁ֖ב
To devise
properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e., (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a maliciou
#2
מַֽחֲשָׁבֹ֑ת
cunning works
a contrivance, i.e., (concretely) a texture, machine, or (abstractly) intention, plan (whether bad, a plot; or good, advice)
#3
לַֽעֲשׂ֛וֹת
to work
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#4
בַּזָּהָ֥ב
in gold
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
#5
וּבַכֶּ֖סֶף
and in silver
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
#6
וּבַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃
and in brass
copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e., coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources