Exodus 31:14

Authorized King James Version

Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙
Ye shall keep
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#2
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#3
הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת
the sabbath
intermission, i.e (specifically) the sabbath
#4
כִּ֛י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#5
קֹ֥דֶשׁ
therefore for it is holy
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
#6
הִ֖וא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#7
לָכֶ֑ם
H0
#8
מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙
unto you every one that defileth
properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin
#9
יוּמָ֔ת
be put to death
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#10
יוּמָ֔ת
be put to death
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#11
כִּ֗י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#12
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#13
הָֽעֹשֶׂ֥ה
for whosoever doeth
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#14
בָהּ֙
H0
#15
מְלָאכָ֔ה
any work
properly, deputyship, i.e., ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)
#16
וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה
shall be cut off
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#17
הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ
therein that soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#18
הַהִ֖וא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#19
מִקֶּ֥רֶב
from among
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)
#20
עַמֶּֽיהָ׃
his people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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