Exodus 28:9

Authorized King James Version

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And thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel:

Original Language Analysis

וְלָ֣קַחְתָּ֔ And thou shalt take H3947
וְלָ֣קַחְתָּ֔ And thou shalt take
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 1 of 10
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
שְׁתֵּ֖י two H8147
שְׁתֵּ֖י two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 3 of 10
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
אַבְנֵי stones H68
אַבְנֵי stones
Strong's: H68
Word #: 4 of 10
a stone
שֹׁ֑הַם onyx H7718
שֹׁ֑הַם onyx
Strong's: H7718
Word #: 5 of 10
a gem, probably the beryl (from its pale green color)
וּפִתַּחְתָּ֣ and grave H6605
וּפִתַּחְתָּ֣ and grave
Strong's: H6605
Word #: 6 of 10
to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם H5921
עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 7 of 10
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שְׁמ֖וֹת on them the names H8034
שְׁמ֖וֹת on them the names
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 8 of 10
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
בְּנֵ֥י of the children H1121
בְּנֵ֥י of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 9 of 10
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 10 of 10
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis & Commentary

Two onyx stones engraved with the tribes' names—six names per stone, arranged by birth order. Engraving suggests permanence; these names aren't written but carved into stone. Birth order indicates that God remembers each tribe's history and origin. The high priest bears this permanent record on his shoulders (strength). Christ bears our names permanently—not temporarily remembered but eternally engraved. We are 'graven upon the palms of His hands' (Isaiah 49:16).

Historical Context

Onyx (שֹׁהַם, shoham), a semi-precious stone with layered coloring, was valuable and durable. The engraving required skilled craftsmen to carve the names without breaking the stone—permanent yet delicate work.

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