Exodus 1:9

Authorized King James Version

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And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֖אמֶר And he said H559
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 10
to say (used with great latitude)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 10
near, with or among; often in general, to
עַ֚ם Behold the people H5971
עַ֚ם Behold the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 3 of 10
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
הִנֵּ֗ה H2009
הִנֵּ֗ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 4 of 10
lo!
עַ֚ם Behold the people H5971
עַ֚ם Behold the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 5 of 10
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בְּנֵ֣י of the children H1121
בְּנֵ֣י of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 6 of 10
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 7 of 10
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
רַ֥ב are more H7227
רַ֥ב are more
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 8 of 10
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
וְעָצ֖וּם and mightier H6099
וְעָצ֖וּם and mightier
Strong's: H6099
Word #: 9 of 10
powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous
מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ H4480
מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 10 of 10
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

Analysis & Commentary

And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we (רַב וְעָצוּם מִמֶּנּוּ, rav ve'atsum mimenu)—Pharaoh's assessment reveals both truth and paranoid exaggeration. More (רַב, rav, "many/numerous") and mightier (עָצוּם, atsum, "strong/powerful") echo verse 7's description of Israel's growth. The phrase than we is likely hyperbolic—Israel was numerous but hardly outnumbered all Egypt. This is the rhetoric of fear used to justify oppression. Pharaoh's speech to his people suggests mobilizing popular support for his policies. The irony: the more Pharaoh oppresses, the more God multiplies (v. 12).

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern rulers commonly used demographic fears to justify harsh measures against minority populations. Egyptian texts from this period express xenophobic concerns about Asiatics. Pharaoh's public rhetoric aimed to unite Egyptian nationalism against a common "threat."

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