Exodus 1:2
Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,
Original Language Analysis
Historical Context
These are not merely individual names but tribal ancestors. By Moses' time, these four tribes alone numbered over 200,000 men (Numbers 1). The genealogical structure reflects ancient Near Eastern historiography, establishing legal claim to covenant promises.
Questions for Reflection
- How does God's use of imperfect people (like Reuben and Judah) encourage your faith despite personal failures?
- In what ways do you see God's sovereign purposes working through your family history?
Related Resources
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Analysis & Commentary
Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah—The listing follows birth order from Jacob's wives, beginning with Leah's four eldest sons. Reuben (ראובן), though firstborn, forfeited his birthright (Genesis 49:3-4). Levi (לוי) would become the priestly tribe, showing God's sovereign choice overrides natural birth order. Judah (יהודה) receives Jacob's blessing of kingship (Genesis 49:10), the line through which Messiah would come. This genealogy isn't mere record-keeping but theological foundation—showing God's elective purposes working through flawed human families.