Esther 5:9

Authorized King James Version

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Then went Haman forth that day joyful and with a glad heart: but when Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֵּצֵ֤א Then went H3318
וַיֵּצֵ֤א Then went
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 1 of 23
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
הָמָ֛ן Haman H2001
הָמָ֛ן Haman
Strong's: H2001
Word #: 2 of 23
haman, a persian vizier
בַּיּ֣וֹם that day H3117
בַּיּ֣וֹם that day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 3 of 23
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַה֔וּא H1931
הַה֔וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 4 of 23
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
שָׂמֵ֖חַ joyful H8056
שָׂמֵ֖חַ joyful
Strong's: H8056
Word #: 5 of 23
blithe or gleeful
וְט֣וֹב and with a glad H2896
וְט֣וֹב and with a glad
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 6 of 23
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
לֵ֑ב heart H3820
לֵ֑ב heart
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 7 of 23
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
וְכִרְאוֹת֩ saw H7200
וְכִרְאוֹת֩ saw
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 8 of 23
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
הָמָ֛ן Haman H2001
הָמָ֛ן Haman
Strong's: H2001
Word #: 9 of 23
haman, a persian vizier
אֶֽת H853
אֶֽת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מָרְדֳּכַ֖י Mordecai H4782
מָרְדֳּכַ֖י Mordecai
Strong's: H4782
Word #: 11 of 23
mordecai, an israelite
בְּשַׁ֣עַר gate H8179
בְּשַׁ֣עַר gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 12 of 23
an opening, i.e., door or gate
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ in the king's H4428
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ in the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 13 of 23
a king
וְלֹא H3808
וְלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 23
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
קָם֙ that he stood not up H6965
קָם֙ that he stood not up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 15 of 23
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
וְלֹא H3808
וְלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 16 of 23
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
זָ֣ע nor moved H2111
זָ֣ע nor moved
Strong's: H2111
Word #: 17 of 23
properly, to shake off, i.e., (figuratively) to agitate (as with fear)
מִמֶּ֔נּוּ H4480
מִמֶּ֔נּוּ
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 18 of 23
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
וַיִּמָּלֵ֥א was full H4390
וַיִּמָּלֵ֥א was full
Strong's: H4390
Word #: 19 of 23
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
הָמָ֛ן Haman H2001
הָמָ֛ן Haman
Strong's: H2001
Word #: 20 of 23
haman, a persian vizier
עַֽל H5921
עַֽל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 21 of 23
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מָרְדֳּכַ֖י Mordecai H4782
מָרְדֳּכַ֖י Mordecai
Strong's: H4782
Word #: 22 of 23
mordecai, an israelite
חֵמָֽה׃ of indignation H2534
חֵמָֽה׃ of indignation
Strong's: H2534
Word #: 23 of 23
heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)

Analysis & Commentary

The narrative captures Haman's emotional volatility: 'Then went Haman forth that day joyful and with a glad heart: but when Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai.' Despite being honored by the queen's exclusive invitation, one man's refusal to bow shattered Haman's joy (Hebrew: 'male Haman hemah,' Haman was filled with rage). This reveals pride's insatiable nature: worldly success and honor cannot satisfy when ego is pricked. Mordecai's principled refusal (likely based on not bowing to Agagite royalty descended from Amalek, Israel's ancient enemy—Exodus 17:14, 1 Samuel 15) enraged Haman, leading to genocidal plot (3:5-6). Pride provokes disproportionate vengeance; wounded pride is dangerous. Proverbs 16:18 warns: 'Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.'

Historical Context

Haman the Agagite was likely descended from Agag, Amalekite king whom Saul spared and Samuel executed (1 Samuel 15). The Amalekites were Israel's perpetual enemies, first attacking them after the Exodus (Exodus 17:8-16). God commanded their complete destruction, which Saul failed to accomplish. Mordecai, a Benjamite descendant of Saul's family (Esther 2:5), may have refused homage to Amalekite descendant on theological/historical grounds. Haman's rage mirrors the ancient Amalek-Israel enmity. His genocidal plot (chapter 3) attempted to finish what Amalek began. Yet God's providence reversed the scheme: Haman was hanged on the gallows he prepared for Mordecai (7:10), fulfilling the principle that 'he that diggeth a pit shall fall into it' (Ecclesiastes 10:8).

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