Esther 3:4

Authorized King James Version

PDF

Now it came to pass, when they spake daily unto him, and he hearkened not unto them, that they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai's matters would stand: for he had told them that he was a Jew.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֗י H1961
וַיְהִ֗י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 20
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בְּאָמְרָ֤ם Now it came to pass when they spake H559
בְּאָמְרָ֤ם Now it came to pass when they spake
Strong's: H559
Word #: 2 of 20
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָיו֙ H413
אֵלָיו֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 20
near, with or among; often in general, to
וָי֔וֹם daily H3117
וָי֔וֹם daily
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 4 of 20
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
וָי֔וֹם daily H3117
וָי֔וֹם daily
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 5 of 20
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 6 of 20
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
שָׁמַ֖ע unto him and he hearkened H8085
שָׁמַ֖ע unto him and he hearkened
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 7 of 20
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם H413
אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם
Strong's: H413
Word #: 8 of 20
near, with or among; often in general, to
הִגִּ֥יד for he had told H5046
הִגִּ֥יד for he had told
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 9 of 20
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לְהָמָ֗ן Haman H2001
לְהָמָ֗ן Haman
Strong's: H2001
Word #: 10 of 20
haman, a persian vizier
לִרְאוֹת֙ to see H7200
לִרְאוֹת֙ to see
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 11 of 20
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
הֲיַֽעַמְדוּ֙ would stand H5975
הֲיַֽעַמְדוּ֙ would stand
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 12 of 20
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
דִּבְרֵ֣י matters H1697
דִּבְרֵ֣י matters
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 13 of 20
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
מָרְדֳּכַ֔י whether Mordecai's H4782
מָרְדֳּכַ֔י whether Mordecai's
Strong's: H4782
Word #: 14 of 20
mordecai, an israelite
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 15 of 20
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
הִגִּ֥יד for he had told H5046
הִגִּ֥יד for he had told
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 16 of 20
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לָהֶ֖ם H1992
לָהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 17 of 20
they (only used when emphatic)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 18 of 20
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
ה֥וּא H1931
ה֥וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 19 of 20
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
יְהוּדִֽי׃ them that he was a Jew H3064
יְהוּדִֽי׃ them that he was a Jew
Strong's: H3064
Word #: 20 of 20
a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)

Analysis & Commentary

Now it came to pass, when they spake daily unto him, and he hearkened not unto them, that they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai's matters would stand: for he had told them that he was a Jew. The officials pressured Mordecai "daily," but he refused to comply. Finally they reported him to Haman "to see whether Mordecai's matters would stand"—testing whether his stated reason (being Jewish) justified defiance. The phrase "he had told them that he was a Jew" reveals Mordecai explained his refusal by religious/ethnic identity. This disclosure contrasts with Esther's continued concealment (2:20) and raises questions about different responses to similar pressures. Mordecai's public Jewish identity and refusal to bow created the crisis, yet this very crisis would ultimately enable Jewish deliverance. God's providence uses even risky, potentially ill-advised human decisions to accomplish His purposes.

Historical Context

The daily pressure suggests sustained campaign to force compliance—Mordecai's defiance persisted despite repeated challenges. His explanation that Jewish identity prevented bowing might have referenced monotheistic convictions against human worship or specific enmity toward Amalekites (if Haman's Agagite identity was known). The officials' reporting to Haman made the personal conflict official and dangerous. They wanted to "see whether Mordecai's matters would stand"—whether Jewish religious scruples could legitimately excuse disobeying royal commands. Persian law presumably allowed some religious accommodations, but the question was whether Mordecai's case qualified. The disclosure set up inevitable confrontation between Haman and Mordecai.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Bible Stories