Ecclesiastes 2:21

Authorized King James Version

For there is a man whose labour is in wisdom, and in knowledge, and in equity; yet to a man that hath not laboured therein shall he leave it for his portion. This also is vanity and a great evil.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
יֵ֣שׁ
For there is
there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
#3
וּלְאָדָ֞ם
a man
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#4
שֶׁעֲמָל֛וֹ
whose labour
toil, i.e., wearing effort; hence, worry, whether of body or mind
#5
בְּחָכְמָ֥ה
is in wisdom
wisdom (in a good sense)
#6
וּבְדַ֖עַת
and in knowledge
knowledge
#7
וּבְכִשְׁר֑וֹן
and in equity
success, advantage
#8
וּלְאָדָ֞ם
a man
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#9
שֶׁלֹּ֤א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#10
עָֽמַל
that hath not laboured
to toil, i.e., work severely and with irksomeness
#11
בּוֹ֙
H0
#12
יִתְּנֶ֣נּוּ
therein shall he leave
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#13
חֶלְק֔וֹ
it for his portion
properly, smoothness (of the tongue)
#14
גַּם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#15
זֶ֥ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#16
הֶ֖בֶל
This also is vanity
emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb
#17
וְרָעָ֥ה
evil
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#18
רַבָּֽה׃
and a great
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Ecclesiastes. The concept of wisdom reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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