Deuteronomy 9:21

Authorized King James Version

And I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire, and stamped it, and ground it very small, even until it was as small as dust: and I cast the dust thereof into the brook that descended out of the mount.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְֽאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#2
חַטַּאתְכֶ֞ם
your sin
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
#3
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#4
עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם
which ye had made
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#5
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
הָעֵ֗גֶל
the calf
a (male) calf (as frisking round), especially one nearly grown (i.e., a steer)
#7
לָקַחְתִּי֮
And I took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#8
וָֽאֶשְׂרֹ֣ף
and burnt
to be (causatively, set) on fire
#9
אֹת֣וֹ׀
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#10
בָּאֵשׁ֒
it with fire
fire (literally or figuratively)
#11
וָֽאֶכֹּ֨ת
and stamped
to bruise or violently strike
#12
אֹת֤וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#13
טָחוֹן֙
it and ground
to grind meal; hence, to be a concubine (that being their employment)
#14
הֵיטֵ֔ב
it very small
to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)
#15
עַ֥ד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#16
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#17
דַּ֖ק
even until it was as small
to crush (or intransitively) crumble
#18
עֲפָר֔וֹ
as dust
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
#19
וָֽאַשְׁלִךְ֙
and I cast
to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
#20
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#21
עֲפָר֔וֹ
as dust
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
#22
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#23
הַנַּ֖חַל
thereof into the brook
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
#24
הַיֹּרֵ֥ד
that descended out
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#25
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#26
הָהָֽר׃
of the mount
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Deuteronomy Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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