Deuteronomy 4:42

Authorized King James Version

That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְנָ֗ס
and that fleeing
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
#2
שָׁ֜מָּה
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#3
יִרְצַ֤ח
That the slayer
properly, to dash in pieces, i.e., kill (a human being), especially to murder
#4
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#5
יִרְצַ֤ח
That the slayer
properly, to dash in pieces, i.e., kill (a human being), especially to murder
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙
his neighbour
an associate (more or less close)
#8
בִּבְלִי
unawares
properly, failure, i.e., nothing or destruction; usually (with preposition) without, not yet, because not, as long as, etc
#9
דַ֔עַת
knowledge
#10
וְה֛וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#11
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#12
שֹׂנֵ֥א
and hated
to hate (personally)
#13
ל֖וֹ
H0
#14
מִתְּמֹ֣ל
him not in times
properly, ago, i.e., a (short or long) time since; especially yesterday, or day before yesterday
#15
שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם
past
trebly, i.e., (in time) day before yesterday
#16
וְנָ֗ס
and that fleeing
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
#17
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#18
אַחַ֛ת
unto one
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
#19
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#20
הֶֽעָרִ֥ים
cities
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#21
הָאֵ֖ל
of these
these or those
#22
וָחָֽי׃
he might live
to live; causatively to revive

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Deuteronomy. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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