Deuteronomy 22:10
Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together.
Original Language Analysis
לֹֽא
H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's:
H3808
Word #:
1 of 5
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תַחֲרֹ֥שׁ
Thou shalt not plow
H2790
תַחֲרֹ֥שׁ
Thou shalt not plow
Strong's:
H2790
Word #:
2 of 5
to scratch, i.e., (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad
Historical Context
Agriculture dominated ancient economy. These practical laws ensured efficient, humane farming. Respecting animals distinguished Israel from pagan cultures practicing cruelty. Later rabbinic law (מוּם, mum, blemish regulations) developed extensive animal welfare provisions. Paul's 'unequally yoked' application shows Old Testament agricultural laws contained spiritual principles transferable to New Covenant. Physical creation teaches spiritual truth—God's design extends from agriculture to relationships to church partnerships.
Questions for Reflection
- How does unequal yoking principle apply to business partnerships, friendships, and marriage?
- What does humane treatment of animals teach about broader respect for God's creation?
- How do we discern when physical Old Testament commands contain transferable spiritual principles?
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Analysis & Commentary
Practical wisdom: 'Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together.' Unequal yoking prohibited—oxen and donkeys have different strengths, gaits, and sizes. Forcing them together inefficiently plows while harming both animals. This reflects creation order—respecting animals' design and treating them humanely. Proverbs 12:10: 'A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast.' Paul applies this spiritually: 'Be not unequally yoked together with unbelievers' (2 Corinthians 6:14)—partnerships require compatibility. Unequal spiritual yoking (believer with unbeliever) creates inefficiency and spiritual harm. The principle: respect created differences; avoid mismatched partnerships.