Deuteronomy 21:1

Authorized King James Version

If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
יִמָּצֵ֣א
If one be found
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
#3
חָלָ֗ל
slain
pierced (especially to death); figuratively, polluted
#4
בָּֽאֲדָמָה֙
in the land
soil (from its general redness)
#5
אֲשֶׁר֩
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#6
יְהוָ֨ה
which the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#7
אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ
thy God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#8
נֹתֵ֤ן
giveth
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#9
לְךָ֙
H0
#10
לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ
thee to possess
to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish
#11
נֹפֵ֖ל
it lying
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#12
בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה
in the field
a field (as flat)
#13
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#14
נוֹדַ֖ע
and it be not known
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
#15
מִ֥י
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#16
הִכָּֽהוּ׃
who hath slain
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Deuteronomy. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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