Deuteronomy 19:20
And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Public execution of judgment served pedagogical purposes in ancient Israel. Unlike modern incarceration, which removes offenders from public view, ancient justice was often communal and visible. Stoning, for instance, required community participation (Deuteronomy 17:7), forcing witnesses to bear responsibility and teaching observers the seriousness of the crime. The emphasis on hearing and fearing suggests that judicial verdicts were publicly announced, perhaps at city gates where legal proceedings occurred. This communal approach to justice reinforced shared values and maintained social cohesion through collective accountability.
Questions for Reflection
- How does the deterrent purpose of punishment relate to contemporary debates about criminal justice philosophy?
- What role should "fear" (reverent caution) play in preventing sin among believers (cf. 1 Peter 1:17, Philippians 2:12)?
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Analysis & Commentary
And those which remain shall hear, and fear (וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִים יִשְׁמְעוּ וְיִרָאוּ, ve-ha-nish'arim yishme'u ve-yira'u)—public justice serves both punishment and education. The verb shama (שָׁמַע, "hear") implies not just auditory reception but understanding and taking to heart. The verb yare (יָרֵא, "fear") indicates healthy fear that produces behavioral change, not paralyzing terror.
And shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you (וְלֹא־יֹסִפוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת עוֹד כַּדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה בְּקִרְבֶּךָ, ve-lo-yosifu la'asot od ka-davar ha-ra ha-zeh be-qirbbekha)—the purpose of punishing perjury is deterrence. This same formula appears in similar contexts (Deuteronomy 13:11, 17:13, 21:21) regarding capital punishment for serious crimes. The assumption is that when people see justice executed, they will be deterred from similar wickedness. This presumes judicial transparency—punishments must be known and understood to deter.