Deuteronomy 14:15

Authorized King James Version

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And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,

Original Language Analysis

וְאֵת֙ H853
וְאֵת֙
Strong's: H853
Word #: 1 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בַּ֣ת And the owl H1323
בַּ֣ת And the owl
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 2 of 10
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה H3284
הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה
Strong's: H3284
Word #: 3 of 10
owl
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַתַּחְמָ֖ס and the night hawk H8464
הַתַּחְמָ֖ס and the night hawk
Strong's: H8464
Word #: 5 of 10
a species of unclean bird (from its violence), perhaps an owl
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַשָּׁ֑חַף and the cuckow H7828
הַשָּׁ֑חַף and the cuckow
Strong's: H7828
Word #: 7 of 10
the gull (as thin)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַנֵּ֖ץ and the hawk H5322
הַנֵּ֖ץ and the hawk
Strong's: H5322
Word #: 9 of 10
a hawk (from it flashing speed)
לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ after his kind H4327
לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ after his kind
Strong's: H4327
Word #: 10 of 10
a sort, i.e., species

Analysis & Commentary

The owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind—Nocturnal and predatory birds continue the list: bat hayya'anah (בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה, ostrich or owl), tahmas (תַּחְמָס, night hawk), shahaf (שָׁחַף, seagull or cuckoo), nets (נֵץ, hawk). Night hunters symbolized spiritual darkness and danger—realms of demons in ancient Near Eastern thought.

Israel must have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness (Ephesians 5:11). The prohibition against night creatures taught constant vigilance: The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness (Romans 13:12). Christians are children of light (1 Thessalonians 5:5), called to walk in daytime ethics even in a dark world.

Historical Context

Ancient cultures associated night birds with omens and demons (Lilith, the 'night demon,' connected with owls in Isaiah 34:14). By prohibiting their consumption, God distanced Israel from occult practices and superstitions surrounding nocturnal creatures.

Questions for Reflection

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