Daniel 4:5

Authorized King James Version

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I saw a dream which made me afraid, and the thoughts upon my bed and the visions of my head troubled me.

Original Language Analysis

חֵ֥לֶם a dream H2493
חֵ֥לֶם a dream
Strong's: H2493
Word #: 1 of 9
a dream
חֲזֵ֖ית I saw H2370
חֲזֵ֖ית I saw
Strong's: H2370
Word #: 2 of 9
to gaze upon; mentally to dream, be usual (i.e., seem)
וִֽידַחֲלִנַּ֑נִי which made me afraid H1763
וִֽידַחֲלִנַּ֑נִי which made me afraid
Strong's: H1763
Word #: 3 of 9
to slink, i.e., (by implication) to fear, or (causatively) be formidable
וְהַרְהֹרִין֙ and the thoughts H2031
וְהַרְהֹרִין֙ and the thoughts
Strong's: H2031
Word #: 4 of 9
a mental conception
עַֽל upon H5922
עַֽל upon
Strong's: H5922
Word #: 5 of 9
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מִשְׁכְּבִ֔י my bed H4903
מִשְׁכְּבִ֔י my bed
Strong's: H4903
Word #: 6 of 9
a bed
וְחֶזְוֵ֥י and the visions H2376
וְחֶזְוֵ֥י and the visions
Strong's: H2376
Word #: 7 of 9
a sight
רֵאשִׁ֖י of my head H7217
רֵאשִׁ֖י of my head
Strong's: H7217
Word #: 8 of 9
the head; figuratively, the sum
יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי׃ troubled H927
יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי׃ troubled
Strong's: H927
Word #: 9 of 9
to terrify, hasten

Analysis & Commentary

This verse introduces Nebuchadnezzar's second prophetic dream, a divine communication that profoundly disturbed the mighty Babylonian king. The Hebrew word for "afraid" (dechal, דְּחַל) in Aramaic conveys intense fear and terror, while "troubled" (behal, בְּהַל) suggests mental confusion and alarm. The phrase "thoughts upon my bed and the visions of my head" employs parallelism to emphasize the comprehensive nature of this divine revelation—both the rational mind and the imaginative faculties were engaged.

Unlike false dreams or psychological phenomena, God-given dreams possess a distinctive quality that unsettles human pride and self-sufficiency. Nebuchadnezzar, despite his absolute power and previous encounter with divine revelation (chapter 2), finds himself helpless before God's supernatural communication. This demonstrates that God sovereignly communicates with both believers and unbelievers to accomplish His purposes.

The dream's troubling nature serves as divine preparation for the humbling message that follows—Nebuchadnezzar will be stripped of power and reason until he acknowledges that "the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men" (Daniel 4:25). God's revelation often disturbs before it instructs, breaking through human pride to prepare hearts for truth.

Historical Context

This episode occurred during Nebuchadnezzar's reign over the Neo-Babylonian Empire (605-562 BCE), likely in the latter part of his rule when Babylon stood at its zenith of power and architectural splendor. The Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, exemplified Babylonian magnificence. Archaeological evidence confirms Nebuchadnezzar's extensive building projects documented in cuneiform inscriptions.

Ancient Near Eastern kings regularly consulted dreams as divine communications, employing professional dream interpreters and maintaining dream books. However, Nebuchadnezzar's dream defied conventional interpretation, requiring divine insight.

Questions for Reflection

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