1 Kings 4:12

Authorized King James Version

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Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Beth-shean, which is by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam:

Original Language Analysis

בַּֽעֲנָא֙ Baana H1195
בַּֽעֲנָא֙ Baana
Strong's: H1195
Word #: 1 of 21
banana, the name of four israelite
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 2 of 21
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֲחִיל֔וּד of Ahilud H286
אֲחִיל֔וּד of Ahilud
Strong's: H286
Word #: 3 of 21
achilud, an israelite
תַּעְנַ֖ךְ to him pertained Taanach H8590
תַּעְנַ֖ךְ to him pertained Taanach
Strong's: H8590
Word #: 4 of 21
taanak or tanak, a place in palestine
וּמְגִדּ֑וֹ and Megiddo H4023
וּמְגִדּ֑וֹ and Megiddo
Strong's: H4023
Word #: 5 of 21
megiddon or megiddo, a place in palestine
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
בֵּ֣ית H0
בֵּ֣ית
Strong's: H0
Word #: 7 of 21
שְׁאָן֙ and all Bethshean H1052
שְׁאָן֙ and all Bethshean
Strong's: H1052
Word #: 8 of 21
beth-shean or beth-shan, a place in palestine
אֲשֶׁר֩ H834
אֲשֶׁר֩
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֵ֨צֶל which is by H681
אֵ֨צֶל which is by
Strong's: H681
Word #: 10 of 21
a side; (as a preposition) near
צָֽרְתַ֜נָה Zartanah H6891
צָֽרְתַ֜נָה Zartanah
Strong's: H6891
Word #: 11 of 21
tsarethan, a place in palestine
מִתַּ֣חַת H8478
מִתַּ֣חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 12 of 21
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
לְיִזְרְעֶ֗אל beneath Jezreel H3157
לְיִזְרְעֶ֗אל beneath Jezreel
Strong's: H3157
Word #: 13 of 21
jizreel, the name of two places in palestine and of two israelites
מִבֵּ֤ית H0
מִבֵּ֤ית
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 21
שְׁאָן֙ and all Bethshean H1052
שְׁאָן֙ and all Bethshean
Strong's: H1052
Word #: 15 of 21
beth-shean or beth-shan, a place in palestine
עַ֚ד H5704
עַ֚ד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 16 of 21
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
אָבֵ֣ל H0
אָבֵ֣ל
Strong's: H0
Word #: 17 of 21
מְחוֹלָ֔ה to Abelmeholah H65
מְחוֹלָ֔ה to Abelmeholah
Strong's: H65
Word #: 18 of 21
abel-mecholah, a place in palestine
עַ֖ד H5704
עַ֖ד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 19 of 21
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
מֵעֵ֥בֶר even unto the place that is beyond H5676
מֵעֵ֥בֶר even unto the place that is beyond
Strong's: H5676
Word #: 20 of 21
properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning
לְיָקְמֳעָֽם׃ Jokneam H3361
לְיָקְמֳעָֽם׃ Jokneam
Strong's: H3361
Word #: 21 of 21
jokmeam, a place in palestine

Analysis & Commentary

Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Beth-shean, which is by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam:

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's administration and prosperity, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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