Proverbs 23:28
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Proverbs 23:28
28 She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.
Chapter Context
Proverbs 23 is a wisdom sayings chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of love, wisdom, holiness. Written during primarily Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature was common in royal courts for training officials.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it demonstrates God's faithfulness despite human unfaithfulness. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Proverbs and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Proverbs 23:28
28 She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.
Analysis
This verse continues the previous warning, depicting sexual immorality as predatory. 'She also lieth in wait as for a prey' (אַף־הִיא כְּחֶתֶף תֶּאֱרֹב/af-hi kechetef te'erov, indeed she lies in ambush like a robber) portrays the adulteress as hunter stalking victims. This isn't mutual consent but predatory destruction. 'Increaseth the transgressors among men' (וּבוֹגְדִים בְּאָדָם תּוֹסִף/uvogedim be'adam tosif, she increases the treacherous/faithless among mankind) reveals sexual sin's multiplying effect. One adulterous person corrupts many, spreading unfaithfulness like contagion. This echoes the 'strange woman' passages in Proverbs 7, where she hunts young men to their destruction. Sexual temptation often appears as opportunity but is actually ambush. Joseph understood this when Potiphar's wife propositioned him—he fled (Genesis 39:12). Paul commanded: 'Flee fornication' (1 Corinthians 6:18). Resistance requires recognizing the danger and actively fleeing, not flirting with temptation.
Historical Context
Proverbs 7 provides extended narrative of the adulteress hunting a foolish young man. She dresses provocatively, speaks seductively, and leads him 'as an ox goeth to the slaughter' (Proverbs 7:22). This wasn't hypothetical but depicted real danger in ancient cities. Without modern safeguards—streetlights, policing, social accountability—nighttime urban areas were dangerous. The 'strange woman' appears throughout Proverbs as archetypal danger (2:16-19; 5:3-23; 6:24-35; 7:6-27; 9:13-18; 22:14; 23:27-28). In the Greco-Roman world, prostitution was institutionalized and ubiquitous. Paul's converts came from sexually corrupt cultures. His commands to flee sexual immorality (1 Corinthians 6:18; 1 Thessalonians 4:3) addressed real, pervasive temptation. Modern pornographic culture creates similar dangers—predatory sexual imagery lies in ambush through screens, requiring vigilance and accountability.
Reflection
- What situations or relationships put you in 'ambush' range of sexual temptation, and how can you eliminate exposure?
- How does viewing sexual temptation as predatory rather than recreational change your approach to purity?
- What accountability structures protect you from becoming one who 'increases transgressors' through sin or enabling others' sin?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Proverbs 7:12, 22:14, Ecclesiastes 7:26, Jeremiah 3:2, Hosea 4:11, 1 Corinthians 10:8