Proverbs 15:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Proverbs 15:20
20 A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish man despiseth his mother.
Chapter Context
Proverbs 15 is a wisdom sayings chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of holiness, hope, discipleship. Written during primarily Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature was common in royal courts for training officials.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-33: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it illustrates divine judgment and mercy in response to human actions. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Proverbs and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Proverbs 15:20
20 A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish man despiseth his mother.
Analysis
A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish man despiseth his mother. This proverb echoes 10:1, emphasizing parental heartbreak or joy through children's character. Ben chakham yesammach-av (בֵּן חָכָם יְשַׂמַּח־אָב, a wise son gladdens father). Wisdom brings parental joy. Ukhesil adam bozeh immo (וּכְסִיל אָדָם בּוֹזֶה אִמּוֹ, but a foolish man despises his mother). Bazah (בָּזָה, despise, hold in contempt) shows active disrespect. Foolish children bring grief through scorning those who gave them life. The fifth commandment requires honoring parents (Exodus 20:12). Christ modeled this even from the cross (John 19:26-27).
Historical Context
Ancient Near Eastern cultures emphasized filial piety. Children who honored parents brought family honor; those who despised parents brought shame. Deuteronomy 21:18-21 prescribed death for persistently rebellious sons. Proverbs frequently addresses parent-child relationships, urging children toward wisdom that honors parents and glorifies God. Paul commands children to obey and honor parents (Ephesians 6:1-3).
Reflection
- How does your life bring joy or grief to your parents (or parental figures)?
- In what ways might you be despising rather than honoring those God has placed in authority over you?
- How does wisdom in all areas of life constitute honoring parents by validating their instruction?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Proverbs 10:1, 23:22, 29:3, Leviticus 19:3, 1 Kings 1:48, 5:7