Proverbs 14:21
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Proverbs 14:21
21 He that despiseth his neighbour sinneth: but he that hath mercy on the poor, happy is he.
Chapter Context
Proverbs 14 is a wisdom sayings chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of creation, holiness, redemption. Written during primarily Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature was common in royal courts for training officials.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Proverbs and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Proverbs 14:21
21 He that despiseth his neighbour sinneth: but he that hath mercy on the poor, happy is he.
Analysis
He that despises his neighbor sins, but he that has mercy on the poor, happy is he. Contempt toward neighbors violates love commandment; mercy toward poor brings blessedness. The verse establishes both negative prohibition (don't despise) and positive command (show mercy). Despising neighbors is 'sin' (chata - missing the mark, transgression); mercy brings happiness (ashrey - blessed). Reformed theology sees here both moral obligation and eudaemonic promise - righteousness produces flourishing.
Historical Context
Reflects Torah's extensive provisions for poor (gleaning laws, Jubilee, charity commands). Covenant community was to show mercy mirroring God's mercy to them in Egypt's bondage.
Reflection
- Who do you despise that God commands you to show mercy toward?
- How has showing mercy to poor brought blessing you wouldn't otherwise experience?
Word Studies
- Mercy: רַחֲמִים (Rachamim) H2603 - Compassion, mercy
Cross-References
- Grace: Proverbs 14:31
- Parallel theme: Proverbs 11:12, 17:5, 19:17, 28:27, Psalms 22:24, 112:5