Numbers 29:21
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Numbers 29:21
21 And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
Chapter Context
Numbers 29 is a mixed narrative and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of sacrifice, righteousness, mercy. Written during Israel's wilderness period (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The wilderness journey occurred between Egypt's dominance and the Canaanite tribal systems.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-40: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Numbers and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Numbers 29:21
21 And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
Analysis
According to their number, after the manner—The refrain returns, hammering home covenant consistency. Day three's grain and drink offerings followed the same proportions as days one and two: 3 esronim per bullock, 2 per ram, 1 per lamb. The drink offering (nesek, נֶסֶךְ) of wine accompanied each animal (Numbers 15:1-12).
Wine symbolized joy (Psalm 104:15) but also covenant blood (Matthew 26:28). Poured out at the altar's base, it couldn't be consumed—a picture of Christ's blood poured out irrecoverably for sin (Isaiah 53:12). The repetitive phrase 'after the manner' reinforces that worship isn't creativity but obedience.
Historical Context
Wine production in ancient Israel occurred during harvest season, making Sukkot an ideal time for wine libations. Archaeological discoveries of ancient wine presses in Judean highlands confirm viticulture's centrality. Tithes included wine (Deuteronomy 14:23), integrating it into covenant worship.
Reflection
- How does the wine libation's irretrievable pouring out illuminate Christ's words 'my blood poured out for many' (Mark 14:24)?
- What does the festival's joy-infused worship teach about the compatibility of reverence and gladness in approaching God?
Word Studies
- Lamb: שֶׂה / כֶּבֶשׂ (Seh / Kebes) H3532 - Lamb, young sheep