Matthew 9:14
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 9:14
14 Then came to him the disciples of John, saying, Why do we and the Pharisees fast oft, but thy disciples fast not?
Chapter Context
Matthew 9 is a biographical gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of prayer, worship, faith. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-38: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it illustrates divine judgment and mercy in response to human actions. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 9:14
14 Then came to him the disciples of John, saying, Why do we and the Pharisees fast oft, but thy disciples fast not?
Analysis
John's disciples question Jesus about fasting: 'Why do we and the Pharisees fast oft, but thy disciples fast not?' (διατι ημεις και οι Φαρισαιοι νηστευομεν πολλα οι δε μαθηται σου ου νηστευουσιν). Fasting was central to Jewish piety, practiced twice weekly by Pharisees (Luke 18:12) plus special occasions. John's disciples practiced rigorous asceticism following their teacher's example. Jesus' disciples, by contrast, feast. The question reveals confusion about appropriate religious expression. Jesus will answer by distinguishing between old covenant preparation and new covenant celebration. The question assumes fasting demonstrates superior spirituality. Jesus challenges this assumption, teaching that external practices matter less than the heart's orientation and recognition of God's redemptive presence.
Historical Context
Jewish fasting had multiple purposes: mourning, repentance, petition, and preparation for God's action. The Pharisees fasted Mondays and Thursdays. John the Baptist's ascetic lifestyle (Matthew 3:4) naturally led his disciples to practice similar disciplines. First-century Judaism emphasized fasting as demonstrating devotion and humbling oneself before God. Jesus doesn't condemn fasting (Matthew 6:16-18) but insists it serve appropriate purposes. Fasting expresses longing for God's presence; when the Bridegroom is present, fasting is inappropriate. Early Christians fasted (Acts 13:2-3, 14:23) but recognized it as means, not end.
Reflection
- What is the proper role of spiritual disciplines like fasting in Christian life?
- How do we avoid legalism while maintaining spiritual practices?
- What does this passage teach about the difference between old and new covenant spirituality?
Cross-References
- References John: John 3:25
- Parallel theme: Matthew 6:16