Matthew 5:39
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 5:39
39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
Chapter Context
Matthew 5 is a ethical teaching chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of hope, righteousness, love. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-48: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it presents Jesus' ethical teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 5:39
39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
Analysis
Non-retaliation against evil doesn't mean passivity toward evil itself, but refusing to respond to personal wrongs with revenge. The struck cheek represents insult and humiliation (a backhanded slap). Turning the other cheek shows meekness, dignity, and refusal to be controlled by others' evil actions.
Historical Context
A backhand slap with the right hand on the right cheek was an insulting blow to social inferiors in that culture. To turn the other cheek forces the aggressor either to stop or escalate to a full blow—either way exposing their wrongdoing while the victim maintains moral high ground.
Reflection
- How do you typically respond to insults or disrespect—with retaliation or with dignified non-retaliation?
- What's the difference between biblical meekness and worldly weakness or passivity?
Cross-References
- Evil: Proverbs 20:22, 1 Thessalonians 5:15, 1 Peter 3:9
- Parallel theme: Leviticus 19:18, Proverbs 24:29, Isaiah 50:6, Lamentations 3:30, 1 Corinthians 6:7