Joshua 22:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Joshua 22:20
20 Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.
Chapter Context
Joshua 22 is a historical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of creation, love, sacrifice. Written during the conquest of Canaan (c. 1406-1375 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Canaan was fragmented into city-states with various tribal alliances and religious practices.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-34: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Joshua and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Joshua 22:20
20 Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.
Analysis
Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing—The second historical example after Peor. Achan's theft of devoted items (חֵרֶם, cherem) at Jericho brought defeat at Ai and cost 36 Israelite lives (Joshua 7). The same word ma'al ("trespass") is used here as in verse 16, creating a direct parallel between Achan's sin and the suspected altar violation.
That man perished not alone in his iniquity—Though Achan was individually guilty, his entire household was executed (Joshua 7:24-25), and the whole army suffered defeat. This reinforces the theme of corporate consequences for individual sin, making the delegation's fear of another altar entirely rational given Israel's recent history.
Historical Context
Achan's execution occurred only months or years before this incident. The delegation consists of the very generation who witnessed his judgment, making it a fresh and terrifying memory that shapes their response to the Transjordan altar.
Reflection
- How should awareness of sin's corporate consequences make us more careful about our personal holiness?
- Does the New Testament maintain this principle of corporate responsibility (Acts 5:1-11, 1 Corinthians 11:30)?
- How can we communicate concern about sin without creating a culture of fear or legalism?
Word Studies
- Iniquity: עָוֹן (Avon) H5771 - Iniquity, guilt, punishment
Cross-References
- Curse: Joshua 7:1
- References Israel: Joshua 7:24
- Parallel theme: Joshua 7:5, 7:18