John 12:5
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
John 12:5
5 Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?
Chapter Context
John 12 is a theological gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of righteousness, truth, worship. Written during the late first century CE (c. 90-95 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Addressed late first-century challenges from both Judaism and emerging Gnostic thought.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-50: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it provides guidance for worship and spiritual devotion. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within John and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
John 12:5
5 Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?
Analysis
Judas calculates the ointment's value at three hundred denarii (a year's wages for a laborer), questioning why it wasn't sold for the poor. His objection sounds like social justice but springs from greed. This demonstrates how noble-sounding arguments can mask ignoble motives. The question 'Why was not?' implies criticism of Mary, Jesus, or both. Judas' utilitarian ethics miss worship's transcendent value—some things shouldn't be calculated. His mercenary spirit contrasts Mary's generous heart, previewing his selling Jesus for thirty pieces of silver.
Historical Context
A denarius was a day's wage for a laborer (Matt 20:2). Three hundred denarii represented a substantial fortune for common people. The poor were numerous in first-century Palestine, making Judas' objection seem reasonable.
Reflection
- How do we discern between genuine concern for the poor and utilitarian opposition to worship?
- What does Judas' calculation teach about the limits of economic thinking in spiritual matters?
- In what ways does mercenary religion miss worship's intrinsic value?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Luke 12:33, 18:22