1 Samuel 3:4
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 3:4
4 That the LORD called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 3 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of covenant, love, redemption. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-21: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 3:4
4 That the LORD called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I.
Analysis
The divine call is simple and personal: 'Samuel.' God knows and speaks the name given by Hannah, meaning 'heard of God.' The boy's response 'Here am I' (hinneni) uses the classic formula of availability seen throughout Scripture (Abraham in Genesis 22:1; Moses in Exodus 3:4; Isaiah in Isaiah 6:8). Samuel's response is correct but misdirected - he assumes Eli is calling. Hearing God's voice requires learning to recognize it, distinguishing it from human voices and internal thoughts. Samuel's training has only begun.
Historical Context
The divine address by name appears at crucial moments in biblical narrative. Jacob (Genesis 46:2), Moses (Exodus 3:4), and others received personal address from God. The doubled name ('Samuel, Samuel' in verse 10) intensifies the call, as with Abraham (Genesis 22:11) and Moses (Exodus 3:4).
Reflection
- How do you distinguish God's voice from your own thoughts or others' opinions?
- What does your response to God's call reveal about your availability?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord
Cross-References
- References Lord: Exodus 3:4, Psalms 99:6, Isaiah 6:8
- Parallel theme: Genesis 22:1