1 Samuel 2:5
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 2:5
5 They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 2 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of salvation, redemption, prayer. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-36: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it offers practical wisdom for godly living in a fallen world. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 2:5
5 They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble.
Analysis
The economic reversals continue Hannah's theme. Those once satiated must hire themselves out for bread (the most basic sustenance), while the hungry need work no more. Hannah's personal experience of reversal (barren to blessed) grounds her prophetic vision. The number 'seven' represents completeness - the barren woman bears the full blessing of children while the prolific mother fades. Hannah herself would bear five more children (verse 21), making six total. Yet Samuel, as dedicated firstborn, accomplishes what many sons could not.
Historical Context
Hiring oneself out for food indicates desperate poverty, essentially becoming an indentured servant. The reversal of the barren bearing 'seven' children appears also in Ruth 4:15 and Jeremiah 15:9, becoming a standard formula for complete maternal blessing.
Reflection
- How does Hannah's personal story of reversal give her authority to speak of God's broader work?
- What reversals in your own experience testify to God's transforming power?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: 1 Samuel 1:6, 1:20, Psalms 34:10, 113:9, Isaiah 54:1, Jeremiah 15:9