1 Samuel 1:5
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 1:5
5 But unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the LORD had shut up her womb.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 1 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of judgment, discipleship, covenant. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-28: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 1:5
5 But unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the LORD had shut up her womb.
Analysis
The Hebrew phrase translated 'worthy portion' is debated; some render it 'double portion' (as given to the firstborn) while others translate it 'one portion only' (emphasizing her solitary, childless state). Either reading underscores Elkanah's love for Hannah despite her barrenness. The crucial theological statement 'the LORD had shut up her womb' affirms divine sovereignty over fertility. God's closing of Hannah's womb was purposeful preparation for a miraculous opening that would display His glory and provide Israel's needed leader.
Historical Context
In ancient Israel, barrenness was often interpreted as divine disfavor, though Scripture presents a more nuanced view. God sovereignly closed the wombs of Sarah, Rebekah, and Rachel before miraculously opening them, establishing a pattern of divine intervention that produces covenant children.
Reflection
- How does recognizing God's sovereignty over difficult circumstances change your perspective on suffering?
- What areas of your life might God be 'closing' in preparation for something greater?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Genesis 30:2