Romans 15:4

Authorized King James Version

For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ὅσα
whatsoever things
as (much, great, long, etc.) as
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
προεγράφη,
were written
to write previously; figuratively, to announce, prescribe
#4
εἰς
for
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#5
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
ἡμετέραν
our
our
#7
διδασκαλίαν
learning
instruction (the function or the information)
#8
προεγράφη,
were written
to write previously; figuratively, to announce, prescribe
#9
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#10
διὰ
through
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#11
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ὑπομονῆς
patience
cheerful (or hopeful) endurance, constancy
#13
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#14
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
παρακλήσεως
comfort
imploration, hortation, solace
#16
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
γραφῶν
of the scriptures
a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)
#18
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ἐλπίδα
hope
expectation (abstractly or concretely) or confidence
#20
ἔχωμεν
might have
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing hope contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes hope in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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