Romans 15:4

Authorized King James Version

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For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.

Original Language Analysis

ὅσα whatsoever things G3745
ὅσα whatsoever things
Strong's: G3745
Word #: 1 of 20
as (much, great, long, etc.) as
γὰρ For G1063
γὰρ For
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 2 of 20
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
προεγράφη, were written G4270
προεγράφη, were written
Strong's: G4270
Word #: 3 of 20
to write previously; figuratively, to announce, prescribe
εἰς for G1519
εἰς for
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 4 of 20
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἡμετέραν our G2251
ἡμετέραν our
Strong's: G2251
Word #: 6 of 20
our
διδασκαλίαν learning G1319
διδασκαλίαν learning
Strong's: G1319
Word #: 7 of 20
instruction (the function or the information)
προεγράφη, were written G4270
προεγράφη, were written
Strong's: G4270
Word #: 8 of 20
to write previously; figuratively, to announce, prescribe
ἵνα that G2443
ἵνα that
Strong's: G2443
Word #: 9 of 20
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
διὰ through G1223
διὰ through
Strong's: G1223
Word #: 10 of 20
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὑπομονῆς patience G5281
ὑπομονῆς patience
Strong's: G5281
Word #: 12 of 20
cheerful (or hopeful) endurance, constancy
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 13 of 20
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
παρακλήσεως comfort G3874
παρακλήσεως comfort
Strong's: G3874
Word #: 15 of 20
imploration, hortation, solace
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 16 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γραφῶν of the scriptures G1124
γραφῶν of the scriptures
Strong's: G1124
Word #: 17 of 20
a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 18 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐλπίδα hope G1680
ἐλπίδα hope
Strong's: G1680
Word #: 19 of 20
expectation (abstractly or concretely) or confidence
ἔχωμεν might have G2192
ἔχωμεν might have
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 20 of 20
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

Analysis & Commentary

For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning (ὅσα γὰρ προεγράφη, εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν διδασκαλίαν ἐγράφη, hosa gar proegraphē, eis tēn hēmeteran didaskalian egraphē)—Paul articulates a theology of Scripture. Proegraphē (written beforehand) refers to the OT, which has abiding relevance for the church. Didaskalian (instruction, teaching) indicates Scripture's didactic purpose: not merely historical record but divine pedagogy. The example of Christ's suffering (v. 3) comes from Scripture, which therefore teaches Christlikeness.

That we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope (ἵνα διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως τῶν γραφῶν τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχωμεν, hina dia tēs hypomonēs kai dia tēs paraklēseōs tōn graphōn tēn elpida echōmen)—Scripture produces two qualities that generate hope: hypomonē (patient endurance, steadfastness) and paraklēsis (comfort, encouragement). As believers read of God's past faithfulness and promises, they develop resilient hope for future glory. This is experiential, not merely intellectual: Scripture sustains believers in present trials by pointing to certain future vindication.

Historical Context

Paul's doctrine of Scripture's continuing authority was critical for the largely Gentile Roman church. They might have wondered whether the Hebrew Bible applied to them. Paul affirms that the OT is Christian Scripture, written for the church's instruction. This undergirds the NT pattern of reading Israel's story as anticipating and illuminating Christ.

Questions for Reflection

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