Psalms 80:10

Authorized King James Version

The hills were covered with the shadow of it, and the boughs thereof were like the goodly cedars.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כָּסּ֣וּ
were covered
properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
#2
הָרִ֣ים
The hills
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#3
צִלָּ֑הּ
with the shadow
shade, whether literal or figurative
#4
וַ֝עֲנָפֶ֗יהָ
of it and the boughs
a twig (as covering the limbs)
#5
אַֽרְזֵי
cedars
a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its roots)
#6
אֵֽל׃
thereof were like the goodly
strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection