Psalms 78:16

Authorized King James Version

He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיּוֹצִ֣א
He brought
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#2
נוֹזְלִ֣ים
streams
to drip, or shed by trickling
#3
מִסָּ֑לַע
also out of the rock
a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)
#4
וַיּ֖וֹרֶד
to run down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#5
כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת
like rivers
a stream (including the sea; expectation the nile, euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity
#6
מָֽיִם׃
and caused waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection