Psalms 40:10

Authorized King James Version

I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation: I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
צִדְקָתְךָ֬
thy righteousness
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
#2
לֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#3
כִסִּ֨יתִי׀
I have not hid
properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
#4
בְּת֬וֹךְ
within
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
#5
לִבִּ֗י
my heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#6
אֱמוּנָתְךָ֣
thy faithfulness
literally firmness; figuratively security; morally fidelity
#7
וּתְשׁוּעָתְךָ֣
and thy salvation
rescue (literal or figurative, persons, national or spiritual)
#8
אָמָ֑רְתִּי
I have declared
to say (used with great latitude)
#9
לֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#10
כִחַ֥דְתִּי
I have not concealed
to secrete, by act or word; hence (intensively) to destroy
#11
חַסְדְּךָ֥
thy lovingkindness
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
#12
וַ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗
and thy truth
stability; (figuratively) certainty, truth, trustworthiness
#13
לְקָהָ֥ל
congregation
assemblage (usually concretely)
#14
רָֽב׃
from the great
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing faith central to epistemology and the means by which humans receive divine revelation and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood faith. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection