Psalms 148:11

Authorized King James Version

Kings of the earth, and all people; princes, and all judges of the earth:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מַלְכֵי
Kings
a king
#2
אָֽרֶץ׃
of the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#3
וְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#4
לְאֻמִּ֑ים
and all people
a community
#5
שָׂ֝רִ֗ים
princes
a head person (of any rank or class)
#6
וְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#7
שֹׁ֥פְטֵי
and all judges
to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal
#8
אָֽרֶץ׃
of the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of covenant community reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection