Psalms 135:15

Authorized King James Version

The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men's hands.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
עֲצַבֵּ֣י
The idols
an (idolatrous) image
#2
הַ֭גּוֹיִם
of the heathen
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#3
כֶּ֣סֶף
are silver
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
#4
וְזָהָ֑ב
and gold
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
#5
מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗ה
the work
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
#6
יְדֵ֣י
hands
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#7
אָדָֽם׃
of men's
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection