Psalms 135:15

Authorized King James Version

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The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men's hands.

Original Language Analysis

עֲצַבֵּ֣י The idols H6091
עֲצַבֵּ֣י The idols
Strong's: H6091
Word #: 1 of 7
an (idolatrous) image
הַ֭גּוֹיִם of the heathen H1471
הַ֭גּוֹיִם of the heathen
Strong's: H1471
Word #: 2 of 7
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
כֶּ֣סֶף are silver H3701
כֶּ֣סֶף are silver
Strong's: H3701
Word #: 3 of 7
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
וְזָהָ֑ב and gold H2091
וְזָהָ֑ב and gold
Strong's: H2091
Word #: 4 of 7
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗ה the work H4639
מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗ה the work
Strong's: H4639
Word #: 5 of 7
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
יְדֵ֣י hands H3027
יְדֵ֣י hands
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 6 of 7
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
אָדָֽם׃ of men's H120
אָדָֽם׃ of men's
Strong's: H120
Word #: 7 of 7
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

Sharp polemic against idolatry begins: 'The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men's hands.' The Hebrew 'atsabim' (idols) derives from a root meaning 'to shape' or 'fashion,' emphasizing their manufactured nature. The irony is devastating - what pagans worship as divine is mere 'silver and gold,' valuable materials certainly, but inanimate. Worse, they are 'work of men's hands' (ma'aseh yedey adam) - the creature worships what it creates. This critique, paralleling Psalm 115:4-8 almost exactly, exposes idolatry's fundamental absurdity. The living God who made heaven, earth, seas, and deep places (verse 6) stands in absolute contrast to gods made by human craftsmen. Isaiah develops this theme extensively (Isaiah 44:9-20), ridiculing idol manufacture. Paul applies this principle broadly: anything we fashion and trust becomes our idol, whether metal images or modern substitutes.

Historical Context

Ancient idol manufacture was a sophisticated craft involving metalworking, woodcarving, and overlay techniques. Temples employed specialized craftsmen. Despite this, prophets consistently mocked these practices (Isaiah 40:18-20; 41:6-7; 44:9-20; Jeremiah 10:1-16). Archaeological discoveries confirm the elaborate nature of ancient idol production and the wealth invested in temple images.

Questions for Reflection