Psalms 106:42

Authorized King James Version

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Their enemies also oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּלְחָצ֥וּם also oppressed H3905
וַיִּלְחָצ֥וּם also oppressed
Strong's: H3905
Word #: 1 of 5
properly, to press, i.e., (figuratively) to distress
אוֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם Their enemies H341
אוֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם Their enemies
Strong's: H341
Word #: 2 of 5
hating; an adversary
וַ֝יִּכָּנְע֗וּ them and they were brought into subjection H3665
וַ֝יִּכָּנְע֗וּ them and they were brought into subjection
Strong's: H3665
Word #: 3 of 5
properly, to bend the knee; hence, to humiliate, vanquish
תַּ֣חַת H8478
תַּ֣חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 4 of 5
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
יָדָֽם׃ under their hand H3027
יָדָֽם׃ under their hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 5 of 5
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

Analysis & Commentary

This verse continues describing oppression. 'Their enemies also oppressed them' uses lachats (לָחַץ), meaning to press, oppress, or afflict. 'They were brought into subjection under their hand' shows total domination—reduced to servitude. This reversed the dominion mandate (Genesis 1:28) and covenant promises of prosperity and ruling over enemies (Deuteronomy 28:1-14). Being subjected by enemies is the opposite of God's design for His image-bearers. Yet this humiliation was covenant curse for disobedience (Deuteronomy 28:43-48). The psalm emphasizes that Israel's subjection wasn't random historical misfortune but God's judgment for covenant-breaking.

Historical Context

The cycle of oppression-repentance-deliverance in Judges exemplifies this. Each oppression brought Israel to desperate circumstances until they cried out. Assyria's conquest of the northern kingdom and Babylon's destruction of Judah and Jerusalem represented the ultimate fulfillment of subjection under enemies. The exile was the covenant curse fully realized—God's people removed from the Promised Land and subjected to pagan empires.

Questions for Reflection