Proverbs Chapter 31 · Verse 18
She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night.
Original Language Analysis
כִּי
H3588
כִּי
Strong's:
H3588
Word #:
2 of 8
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
ט֣וֹב
is good
H2896
ט֣וֹב
is good
Strong's:
H2896
Word #:
3 of 8
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
לֹֽא
H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's:
H3808
Word #:
5 of 8
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִכְבֶּ֖ה
goeth not out
H3518
יִכְבֶּ֖ה
goeth not out
Strong's:
H3518
Word #:
6 of 8
to expire or (causatively) to extinguish (fire, light, anger)
Historical Context
In ancient times, olive oil lamps required regular attention and adequate oil supply. A continuously burning lamp indicated both prosperity (sufficient oil) and vigilant household management. Night work, particularly textile production, extended productive hours and demonstrated commitment to family welfare.
Questions for Reflection
- How do you cultivate discernment to distinguish between good and mediocre work in your own labor?
- What does it mean for your 'lamp' to burn continually—not through anxious striving but through faithful stewardship?
- In what ways might you take legitimate satisfaction in work well done without falling into pride or self-sufficiency?
Analysis & Commentary
She perceiveth that her merchandise is good (ta'amah ki-tov sachra)—The verb 'perceiveth' (ta'am) means to taste, discern, or have good judgment. This is the פ (pe) line of the acrostic. The eshet chayil is not merely industrious but discerning—she evaluates quality, understands market value, and takes satisfaction in excellent work. Sachar (merchandise/profit) appears throughout Proverbs to describe wisdom's value (3:14, 31:18).
Her candle goeth not out by night (lo-yichbeh balailah nerah)—The lamp burning through darkness symbolizes vigilance, provision, and prosperity (Job 18:6, 21:17). This is not workaholism but faithful stewardship—her household never lacks because she maintains productive rhythms. The lamp also suggests hospitality and security, marking a home of blessing.