Numbers 30:11

Authorized King James Version

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And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand.

Original Language Analysis

וְשָׁמַ֤ע heard H8085
וְשָׁמַ֤ע heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 1 of 17
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
אִישָׁהּ֙ And her husband H376
אִישָׁהּ֙ And her husband
Strong's: H376
Word #: 2 of 17
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
וְהֶֽחֱרִ֣שׁ it and held his peace H2790
וְהֶֽחֱרִ֣שׁ it and held his peace
Strong's: H2790
Word #: 3 of 17
to scratch, i.e., (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad
לָ֔הּ H0
לָ֔הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 4 of 17
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 5 of 17
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הֵנִ֖יא at her and disallowed H5106
הֵנִ֖יא at her and disallowed
Strong's: H5106
Word #: 6 of 17
to refuse, forbid, dissuade, or neutralize
אֹתָ֑הּ H853
אֹתָ֑הּ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 17
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יָקֽוּם׃ shall stand H6965
יָקֽוּם׃ shall stand
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 8 of 17
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 9 of 17
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
נְדָרֶ֔יהָ her not then all her vows H5088
נְדָרֶ֔יהָ her not then all her vows
Strong's: H5088
Word #: 10 of 17
a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 17
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אִסָּ֛ר and every bond H632
אִסָּ֛ר and every bond
Strong's: H632
Word #: 12 of 17
an obligation or vow (of abstinence)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 17
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אָֽסְרָ֥ה wherewith she bound H631
אָֽסְרָ֥ה wherewith she bound
Strong's: H631
Word #: 14 of 17
to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 15 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
נַפְשָׁ֖הּ her soul H5315
נַפְשָׁ֖הּ her soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 16 of 17
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
יָקֽוּם׃ shall stand H6965
יָקֽוּם׃ shall stand
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 17 of 17
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

Analysis & Commentary

And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand—A husband's silence (הֶחֱרִישׁ heche'rish, held peace/kept silent) upon hearing his wife's vow constituted ratification—all her vows shall stand (וְקָמוּ כָּל־נְדָרֶיהָ vekamu kol-nedarei'ha). The principle established: authority figures who know of subordinates' commitments and remain silent effectively endorse them through acquiescence. Silence implied consent.

This legal principle appears throughout Scripture: Eli's failure to restrain his sons made him culpable (1 Samuel 3:13), and Pilate's hand-washing couldn't absolve responsibility (Matthew 27:24). Leaders who know of problematic commitments and remain silent share responsibility for consequences. The verse teaches that authority includes proactive responsibility to speak up when necessary.

Historical Context

Ancient Israelite husbands had same-day veto power over wives' vows (v.12) but silence after hearing the vow constituted permanent ratification. This created urgency—husbands couldn't reconsider days later and retroactively annul standing vows, preventing capricious use of authority while maintaining protection against rash commitments.

Questions for Reflection

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