Numbers 2:3

Authorized King James Version

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And on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies: and Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall be captain of the children of Judah.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַֽחֹנִים֙ pitch H2583
וְהַֽחֹנִים֙ pitch
Strong's: H2583
Word #: 1 of 13
properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or s
קֵ֣דְמָה And on the east side H6924
קֵ֣דְמָה And on the east side
Strong's: H6924
Word #: 2 of 13
the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the east) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)
מִזְרָ֔חָה toward the rising H4217
מִזְרָ֔חָה toward the rising
Strong's: H4217
Word #: 3 of 13
sunrise, i.e., the east
דֶּ֛גֶל of the sun shall they of the standard H1714
דֶּ֛גֶל of the sun shall they of the standard
Strong's: H1714
Word #: 4 of 13
a flag
מַֽחֲנֵ֥ה of the camp H4264
מַֽחֲנֵ֥ה of the camp
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 5 of 13
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
יְהוּדָ֔ה of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֔ה of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 6 of 13
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם throughout their armies H6635
לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם throughout their armies
Strong's: H6635
Word #: 7 of 13
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
וְנָשִׂיא֙ shall be captain H5387
וְנָשִׂיא֙ shall be captain
Strong's: H5387
Word #: 8 of 13
properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist
בֶּן of the children H1121
בֶּן of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 9 of 13
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יְהוּדָ֔ה of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֔ה of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 10 of 13
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
נַחְשׁ֖וֹן and Nahshon H5177
נַחְשׁ֖וֹן and Nahshon
Strong's: H5177
Word #: 11 of 13
nachshon, an israelite
בֶּן of the children H1121
בֶּן of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 12 of 13
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
עַמִּֽינָדָֽב׃ of Amminadab H5992
עַמִּֽינָדָֽב׃ of Amminadab
Strong's: H5992
Word #: 13 of 13
amminadab, the name of four israelites

Analysis & Commentary

Judah camps 'on the east side toward the rising of the sun' with the standard of the camp of Judah.' The east position was most honored, facing the tabernacle's entrance. Judah's leadership foreshadows Christ from Judah's tribe (Gen 49:10, Heb 7:14). The Hebrew 'qedem' (east) also means 'before/ancient,' suggesting priority and honor. Judah's camp included Issachar and Zebulun, totaling 186,400 men (v.9) - the largest camp. This arrangement anticipated Judah's royal leadership in David's dynasty and ultimately the Lion of Judah, Jesus Christ, who rises like the sun bringing righteousness (Mal 4:2, Luke 1:78).

Historical Context

This placement gave Judah prominent position during both encampment and marching. Numbers 10:14 shows Judah's camp moved first when Israel traveled. This honored position reflected Jacob's blessing (Gen 49:8-10) that 'the scepter shall not depart from Judah.' Throughout Israel's history, Judah produced Israel's greatest kings (David, Solomon, and their line) and ultimately the Messiah. The standard (degel) likely displayed a lion symbol, based on Jacob's blessing calling Judah 'a lion's whelp' (Gen 49:9).

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