Numbers 13:23

Authorized King James Version

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And they came unto the brook of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bare it between two upon a staff; and they brought of the pomegranates, and of the figs.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ And they came H935
וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ And they came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 17
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 2 of 17
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
נַ֣חַל unto the brook H5158
נַ֣חַל unto the brook
Strong's: H5158
Word #: 3 of 17
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ל of Eshcol H812
אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ל of Eshcol
Strong's: H812
Word #: 4 of 17
eshcol, the name of an amorite, also of a valley in palestine
וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ and cut down H3772
וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ and cut down
Strong's: H3772
Word #: 5 of 17
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
מִשָּׁ֤ם H8033
מִשָּׁ֤ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 6 of 17
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
זְמוֹרָה֙ from thence a branch H2156
זְמוֹרָה֙ from thence a branch
Strong's: H2156
Word #: 7 of 17
a twig (as pruned)
וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל cluster H811
וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל cluster
Strong's: H811
Word #: 8 of 17
a bunch of grapes or other fruit
עֲנָבִים֙ of grapes H6025
עֲנָבִים֙ of grapes
Strong's: H6025
Word #: 9 of 17
a grape
אֶחָ֔ד with one H259
אֶחָ֔ד with one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 10 of 17
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֥הוּ and they bare H5375
וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֥הוּ and they bare
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 11 of 17
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
בַמּ֖וֹט upon a staff H4132
בַמּ֖וֹט upon a staff
Strong's: H4132
Word #: 12 of 17
a wavering, i.e., fall; by implication, a pole (as shaking); hence, a yoke (as essentially a bent pole)
בִּשְׁנָ֑יִם it between two H8147
בִּשְׁנָ֑יִם it between two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 13 of 17
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
וּמִן H4480
וּמִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 14 of 17
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הָֽרִמֹּנִ֖ים and they brought of the pomegranates H7416
הָֽרִמֹּנִ֖ים and they brought of the pomegranates
Strong's: H7416
Word #: 15 of 17
a pomegranate, the tree (from its upright growth) or the fruit (also an artificial ornament)
וּמִן H4480
וּמִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 16 of 17
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַתְּאֵנִֽים׃ and of the figs H8384
הַתְּאֵנִֽים׃ and of the figs
Strong's: H8384
Word #: 17 of 17
the fig (tree or fruit)

Analysis & Commentary

The Valley of Eshcol ('cluster') produced grapes so abundant that two men carried one cluster on a pole, along with pomegranates and figs. This extraordinary fruit testified to Canaan's richness—exactly as God had promised, 'a land flowing with milk and honey.' Physical evidence of God's promise made unbelief all the more inexcusable.

Historical Context

The timing 'at the season of the first ripe grapes' (late summer) ensured the spies saw the land at its best. Grapes of exceptional size were known in ancient Canaan; archaeological evidence confirms the region's agricultural abundance. The cluster became Israel's enduring symbol of Canaan's blessing.

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