Nehemiah 4:2

Authorized King James Version

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And he spake before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said, What do these feeble Jews? will they fortify themselves? will they sacrifice? will they make an end in a day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned?

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר And he spake H559
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר And he spake
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 22
to say (used with great latitude)
לִפְנֵ֣י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 2 of 22
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
אֶחָ֗יו his brethren H251
אֶחָ֗יו his brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 3 of 22
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
וְחֵיל֙ and the army H2428
וְחֵיל֙ and the army
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 4 of 22
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן of Samaria H8111
שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן of Samaria
Strong's: H8111
Word #: 5 of 22
shomeron, a place in palestine
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר And he spake H559
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר And he spake
Strong's: H559
Word #: 6 of 22
to say (used with great latitude)
מָ֛ה H4100
מָ֛ה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 7 of 22
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
הַיְּהוּדִ֥ים Jews H3064
הַיְּהוּדִ֥ים Jews
Strong's: H3064
Word #: 8 of 22
a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)
הָאֲמֵֽלָלִ֖ים these feeble H537
הָאֲמֵֽלָלִ֖ים these feeble
Strong's: H537
Word #: 9 of 22
languid
עֹשִׂ֑ים What do H6213
עֹשִׂ֑ים What do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 10 of 22
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הֲיַֽעַזְב֨וּ will they fortify H5800
הֲיַֽעַזְב֨וּ will they fortify
Strong's: H5800
Word #: 11 of 22
to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc
לָהֶ֤ם H1992
לָהֶ֤ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 12 of 22
they (only used when emphatic)
הֲיִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ themselves will they sacrifice H2076
הֲיִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ themselves will they sacrifice
Strong's: H2076
Word #: 13 of 22
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
הַיְכַלּ֣וּ will they make an end H3615
הַיְכַלּ֣וּ will they make an end
Strong's: H3615
Word #: 14 of 22
to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
בַיּ֔וֹם in a day H3117
בַיּ֔וֹם in a day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 15 of 22
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַיְחַיּ֧וּ will they revive H2421
הַיְחַיּ֧וּ will they revive
Strong's: H2421
Word #: 16 of 22
to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 17 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָֽאֲבָנִ֛ים the stones H68
הָֽאֲבָנִ֛ים the stones
Strong's: H68
Word #: 18 of 22
a stone
מֵֽעֲרֵמ֥וֹת out of the heaps H6194
מֵֽעֲרֵמ֥וֹת out of the heaps
Strong's: H6194
Word #: 19 of 22
a heap; specifically, a sheaf
הֶֽעָפָ֖ר of the rubbish H6083
הֶֽעָפָ֖ר of the rubbish
Strong's: H6083
Word #: 20 of 22
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
וְהֵ֥מָּה H1992
וְהֵ֥מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 21 of 22
they (only used when emphatic)
שְׂרוּפֽוֹת׃ which are burned H8313
שְׂרוּפֽוֹת׃ which are burned
Strong's: H8313
Word #: 22 of 22
to be (causatively, set) on fire

Analysis & Commentary

And he spake before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said, What do these feeble Jews? will they fortify themselves? will they sacrifice? will they make an end in a day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned?

This verse within Nehemiah 4 addresses themes of opposition, perseverance, prayer and work, spiritual warfare. Opposition intensifies as the work progresses, requiring both spiritual response (prayer) and practical measures (armed defense). This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. The 52-day wall completion represents remarkable achievement given opposition and limited resources. Excavations have confirmed portions of Nehemiah's wall and various gates mentioned in the text. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection

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