Matthew 23:18

Authorized King James Version

And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καί,
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ὃς
Whosoever
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#3
ἐὰν
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
#4
ὀμόσῃ
shall swear
to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath
#5
ἐν
by
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#6
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
θυσιαστηρίῳ
the altar
a place of sacrifice, i.e., an altar (special or genitive case, literal or figurative)
#8
οὐδέν
nothing
not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e., none, nobody, nothing
#9
ἐστιν·
it is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#10
ὃς
Whosoever
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#11
δ'
but
but, and, etc
#12
ἂν
whosoever
whatsoever
#13
ὀμόσῃ
shall swear
to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath
#14
ἐν
by
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#15
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
δώρῳ
the gift
a present; specially, a sacrifice
#17
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
ἐπάνω
that is upon
up above, i.e., over or on (of place, amount, rank, etc.)
#19
αὐτοῦ
it
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#20
ὀφείλει
he is guilty
to owe (pecuniarily); figuratively, to be under obligation (ought, must, should); morally, to fail in duty

Analysis

Within the broader context of Matthew, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Matthew.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The first-century Palestinian Jewish culture under Roman occupation would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics

People

Study Resources