Mark 14:54

Authorized King James Version

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And Peter followed him afar off, even into the palace of the high priest: and he sat with the servants, and warmed himself at the fire.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 25
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 2 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Πέτρος Peter G4074
Πέτρος Peter
Strong's: G4074
Word #: 3 of 25
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
ἀπὸ off G575
ἀπὸ off
Strong's: G575
Word #: 4 of 25
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
μακρόθεν afar G3113
μακρόθεν afar
Strong's: G3113
Word #: 5 of 25
from a distance or afar
ἠκολούθησεν followed G190
ἠκολούθησεν followed
Strong's: G190
Word #: 6 of 25
properly, to be in the same way with, i.e., to accompany (specially, as a disciple)
αὐτῷ him G846
αὐτῷ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 7 of 25
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἕως even G2193
ἕως even
Strong's: G2193
Word #: 8 of 25
a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)
ἔσω into G2080
ἔσω into
Strong's: G2080
Word #: 9 of 25
inside (as preposition or adjective)
εἰς G1519
εἰς
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 10 of 25
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
αὐλὴν the palace G833
αὐλὴν the palace
Strong's: G833
Word #: 12 of 25
a yard (as open to the wind); by implication, a mansion
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀρχιερέως of the high priest G749
ἀρχιερέως of the high priest
Strong's: G749
Word #: 14 of 25
the high-priest (literally, of the jews; typically, christ); by extension a chief priest
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 15 of 25
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἦν he sat G2258
ἦν he sat
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 16 of 25
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
συγκαθήμενος G4775
συγκαθήμενος
Strong's: G4775
Word #: 17 of 25
to seat oneself in company with
μετὰ with G3326
μετὰ with
Strong's: G3326
Word #: 18 of 25
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 19 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὑπηρετῶν the servants G5257
ὑπηρετῶν the servants
Strong's: G5257
Word #: 20 of 25
an under-oarsman, i.e., (generally) subordinate (assistant, sexton, constable)
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 21 of 25
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
θερμαινόμενος warmed himself G2328
θερμαινόμενος warmed himself
Strong's: G2328
Word #: 22 of 25
to heat (oneself)
πρὸς at G4314
πρὸς at
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 23 of 25
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 24 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
φῶς the fire G5457
φῶς the fire
Strong's: G5457
Word #: 25 of 25
luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)

Analysis & Commentary

Peter followed him afar off (ἀπὸ μακρόθεν, apo makrothen)—The phrase reveals Peter's conflicted state: courageous enough to follow, fearful enough to keep distance. Contrast this with his earlier boast: 'Although all shall be offended, yet will not I' (14:29). Even into the palace (ἕως ἔσω εἰς τὴν αὐλήν, heōs esō eis tēn aulēn)—Peter penetrated the high priest's courtyard, likely through John's connections (John 18:15-16).

He sat with the servants, and warmed himself at the fire (συγκαθήμενος μετὰ τῶν ὑπηρετῶν καὶ θερμαινόμενος πρὸς τὸ φῶς, synkathēmenos meta tōn hypēretōn kai thermainomenos pros to phōs)—The present participles suggest ongoing action: Peter kept warming himself, seeking physical comfort while his Lord faced interrogation. The fire (φῶς, phōs, literally 'light') becomes ironic—Peter warms himself at the enemies' fire while the Light of the World stands trial inside.

Historical Context

Palestinian nights in early spring (Passover season, March-April) were cold, especially in Jerusalem's elevation (2,500 feet). Courtyards of wealthy homes featured central braziers where servants gathered. These open courtyards allowed Peter to observe the trial proceedings while remaining technically outside. Roman and Jewish elites often had such architectural layouts for servant areas.

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