Luke 2:42

Authorized King James Version

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And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 14
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ὅτε when G3753
ὅτε when
Strong's: G3753
Word #: 2 of 14
at which (thing) too, i.e., when
ἐγένετο he was G1096
ἐγένετο he was
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 3 of 14
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
ἐτῶν years old G2094
ἐτῶν years old
Strong's: G2094
Word #: 4 of 14
a year
δώδεκα twelve G1427
δώδεκα twelve
Strong's: G1427
Word #: 5 of 14
two and ten, i.e., a dozen
ἀναβάντων went up G305
ἀναβάντων went up
Strong's: G305
Word #: 6 of 14
to go up (literally or figuratively)
αὐτῶν they G846
αὐτῶν they
Strong's: G846
Word #: 7 of 14
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
εἰς to G1519
εἰς to
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 8 of 14
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
Ἰεροσόλυμα, Jerusalem G2414
Ἰεροσόλυμα, Jerusalem
Strong's: G2414
Word #: 9 of 14
hierosolyma (i.e., jerushalaim), the capitol of palestine
κατὰ after G2596
κατὰ after
Strong's: G2596
Word #: 10 of 14
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 14
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἔθος the custom G1485
ἔθος the custom
Strong's: G1485
Word #: 12 of 14
a usage (prescribed by habit or law)
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 14
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἑορτῆς of the feast G1859
ἑορτῆς of the feast
Strong's: G1859
Word #: 14 of 14
a festival

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus's attendance at Jerusalem when 'twelve years old' demonstrates covenant faithfulness and approaching manhood in Jewish culture. The specific mention of twelve indicates the cusp of religious responsibility—approaching bar mitzvah age when boys assume adult religious obligations. That the family went to the Feast demonstrates their annual Passover observance, though only required of males over thirteen. This journey reveals Jesus's growing awareness of His identity and mission, soon to be expressed in the temple incident. Their faithful observance of feasts models that genuine piety maintains regular, costly worship despite inconvenience. Jesus's participation shows His full identification with Israel's covenant life.

Historical Context

Twelve-year-old boys approached the age of religious responsibility in Jewish culture. Passover pilgrimage from Galilee to Jerusalem required substantial time and expense, yet faithful Jews made this journey annually. Jesus's participation in these feasts demonstrated His full entrance into Israel's covenant worship life.

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