Judges 18:3

Authorized King James Version

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When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

Original Language Analysis

הֵ֚מָּה H1992
הֵ֚מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 1 of 24
they (only used when emphatic)
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 2 of 24
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
בֵּ֣ית When they were by the house H1004
בֵּ֣ית When they were by the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 3 of 24
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
מִיכָ֔ה of Micah H4318
מִיכָ֔ה of Micah
Strong's: H4318
Word #: 4 of 24
micah, the name of seven israelites
וְהֵ֣מָּה H1992
וְהֵ֣מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 5 of 24
they (only used when emphatic)
הִכִּ֔ירוּ they knew H5234
הִכִּ֔ירוּ they knew
Strong's: H5234
Word #: 6 of 24
properly, to scrutinize, i.e., look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
ק֥וֹל the voice H6963
ק֥וֹל the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 8 of 24
a voice or sound
הַנַּ֖עַר of the young man H5288
הַנַּ֖עַר of the young man
Strong's: H5288
Word #: 9 of 24
(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit
הַלֵּוִ֑י the Levite H3881
הַלֵּוִ֑י the Levite
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 10 of 24
a levite or descendant of levi
וַיָּס֣וּרוּ and they turned in H5493
וַיָּס֣וּרוּ and they turned in
Strong's: H5493
Word #: 11 of 24
to turn off (literally or figuratively)
שָׁ֗ם H8033
שָׁ֗ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 12 of 24
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ thither and said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ thither and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 13 of 24
to say (used with great latitude)
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 24
מִֽי H4310
מִֽי
Strong's: H4310
Word #: 15 of 24
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
הֱבִיאֲךָ֣ unto him Who brought H935
הֱבִיאֲךָ֣ unto him Who brought
Strong's: H935
Word #: 16 of 24
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
הֲלֹ֔ם thee hither H1988
הֲלֹ֔ם thee hither
Strong's: H1988
Word #: 17 of 24
hither
וּמָֽה H4100
וּמָֽה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 18 of 24
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
אַתָּ֥ה H859
אַתָּ֥ה
Strong's: H859
Word #: 19 of 24
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
עֹשֶׂ֛ה and what makest H6213
עֹשֶׂ֛ה and what makest
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 20 of 24
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
בָּזֶ֖ה H2088
בָּזֶ֖ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 21 of 24
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
וּמַה H4100
וּמַה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 22 of 24
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
לְּךָ֥ H0
לְּךָ֥
Strong's: H0
Word #: 23 of 24
פֹֽה׃ H6311
פֹֽה׃
Strong's: H6311
Word #: 24 of 24
this place (french ici), i.e., here or hence

Analysis & Commentary

When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here? The Danite spies recognized the Levite's voice, suggesting prior acquaintance—possibly from festivals at Shiloh or regional connections. The Hebrew "they knew" (vayakkiru, וַיַּכִּירוּ) implies recognition of accent, dialect, or speech patterns distinctive to Levites. Their questions probe his presence: "Who brought thee hither?" (mi hevi'acha halom, מִי הֱבִיאֲךָ הֲלֹם), "what makest thou?" (u-mah attah oseh bazeh, וּמָה־אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה בָּזֶה), "what hast thou here?" (u-mah lekha poh, וּמָה־לְךָ פֹה).

These questions reveal curiosity but not moral outrage. The spies should have recognized the impropriety of a Levite serving private, unauthorized worship. Levites were assigned to serve the tabernacle and teach God's law (Deuteronomy 33:10), not hire out as personal priests for idolatrous shrines. Their failure to confront this apostasy demonstrates spiritual blindness—they saw religious opportunity, not covenant violation. This foreshadows their eventual theft of Micah's entire shrine (verses 14-20), showing how tolerance of small compromises leads to greater apostasy.

Historical Context

Levites had no tribal territory but were assigned cities throughout Israel (Joshua 21). They depended on tithes and offerings for support (Numbers 18:21-24). During the chaotic judges period, with centralized worship weakened and lawlessness increasing, some Levites struggled economically and compromised their calling. This Levite from Bethlehem-judah (Judges 17:7) hired himself to Micah for economic security, abandoning his proper role. His willingness to serve private idolatrous worship illustrates the spiritual decay affecting even the priestly tribe.

Questions for Reflection

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