Joshua 3:14

Authorized King James Version

And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over Jordan, and the priests bearing the ark of the covenant before the people;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֗י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
בִּנְסֹ֤עַ
removed
properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e., start on a journey
#3
הָעָֽם׃
And it came to pass when the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#4
מֵאָ֣הֳלֵיהֶ֔ם
from their tents
a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
#5
לַֽעֲבֹ֖ר
to pass over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן
Jordan
jarden, the principal river of palestine
#8
וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִ֗ים
and the priests
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#9
נֹֽשְׂאֵ֛י
bearing
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#10
הָֽאָר֥וֹן
the ark
a box
#11
הַבְּרִ֖ית
of the covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#12
לִפְנֵ֥י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#13
הָעָֽם׃
And it came to pass when the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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