Joshua 13:28

Authorized King James Version

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This is the inheritance of the children of Gad after their families, the cities, and their villages.

Original Language Analysis

זֹ֛את H2063
זֹ֛את
Strong's: H2063
Word #: 1 of 7
this (often used adverb)
נַֽחֲלַ֥ת This is the inheritance H5159
נַֽחֲלַ֥ת This is the inheritance
Strong's: H5159
Word #: 2 of 7
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
בְּנֵי of the children H1121
בְּנֵי of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 3 of 7
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
גָ֖ד of Gad H1410
גָ֖ד of Gad
Strong's: H1410
Word #: 4 of 7
gad, a son of jacob, including his tribe and its territory; also a prophet
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם after their families H4940
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם after their families
Strong's: H4940
Word #: 5 of 7
a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
הֶֽעָרִ֖ים the cities H5892
הֶֽעָרִ֖ים the cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 6 of 7
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽם׃ and their villages H2691
וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽם׃ and their villages
Strong's: H2691
Word #: 7 of 7
a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls)

Analysis & Commentary

The rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, Jordan and his border—This phrase summarizes Gad's territory as comprising the northern portion of Sihon's former kingdom, with the Jordan River forming the western boundary. The Hebrew g'vul (גְּבוּל, "border/boundary") emphasizes definite limits. The Jordan (יַרְדֵן, Yarden, "descender") served as a natural boundary, descending from Mount Hermon through the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea.

Even unto the edge of the sea of Chinnereth on the other side Jordan eastward—The Sea of Chinnereth (יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, later called Galilee) formed Gad's northwest boundary. The phrase "on the other side Jordan eastward" reminds readers that Gad's inheritance, though legitimate, lay outside Canaan proper. This geographical detail carried perpetual theological significance: the Transjordan tribes received full inheritance yet remained physically separated from the central sanctuary. Their situation foreshadows believers who are "in the world but not of it"—fully blessed yet geographically distinct, requiring intentional connection to covenant community.

Historical Context

The Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee) is approximately 13 miles long and 7 miles wide, lying 690 feet below sea level. Gad's territory stretched along the eastern shore and inland through the Gilead highlands. This provided access to fishing, agriculture, trade routes, and defensive positions, making it economically valuable. The Jordan River valley formed a natural boundary that was crossable at numerous fords but still served as a clear demarcation between territories.

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