Joshua 10:40

Authorized King James Version

So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּכֶּ֣ה
smote
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#2
יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ
So Joshua
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#5
הָאָ֡רֶץ
all the country
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#6
הָהָר֩
of the hills
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#7
וְהַנֶּ֨גֶב
and of the south
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
#8
וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֜ה
and of the vale
lowland, i.e., (with the article) the maritime slope of palestine
#9
וְהָֽאֲשֵׁד֗וֹת
and of the springs
a ravine
#10
וְאֵת֙
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#11
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#12
מַלְכֵיהֶ֔ם
and all their kings
a king
#13
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#14
הִשְׁאִ֖יר
he left
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
#15
שָׂרִ֑יד
none remaining
a survivor
#16
וְאֵ֤ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#17
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#18
הַנְּשָׁמָה֙
all that breathed
a puff, i.e., wind, angry or vital breath, divine inspiration, intellect. or (concretely) an animal
#19
הֶֽחֱרִ֔ים
but utterly destroyed
to seclude; specifically (by a ban) to devote to religious uses (especially destruction); physical and reflexive, to be blunt as to the nose
#20
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#21
צִוָּ֔ה
commanded
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
#22
יְהוָ֖ה
as the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#23
אֱלֹהֵ֥י
God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#24
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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