Job 38:18

Authorized King James Version

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Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all.

Original Language Analysis

הִ֭תְבֹּנַנְתָּ Hast thou perceived H995
הִ֭תְבֹּנַנְתָּ Hast thou perceived
Strong's: H995
Word #: 1 of 8
to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 2 of 8
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
רַחֲבֵי the breadth H7338
רַחֲבֵי the breadth
Strong's: H7338
Word #: 3 of 8
a width
אָ֑רֶץ of the earth H776
אָ֑רֶץ of the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 4 of 8
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
הַ֝גֵּ֗ד declare H5046
הַ֝גֵּ֗ד declare
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 5 of 8
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 6 of 8
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
יָדַ֥עְתָּ if thou knowest H3045
יָדַ֥עְתָּ if thou knowest
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 7 of 8
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
כֻלָּֽהּ׃ H3605
כֻלָּֽהּ׃
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 8 of 8
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Analysis & Commentary

"Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all." God challenges Job to comprehend earth's vast dimensions. The Hebrew rachavey-erets (רַחֲבֵי־אָרֶץ, "breadth/expanse of earth") emphasizes magnitude beyond human grasp. This question humbles human pretensions to comprehensive knowledge. If Job cannot comprehend spatial dimensions, how can he judge God's governance? The verse teaches epistemic humility—recognizing knowledge's limits is wisdom's beginning. It prepares Job to trust God's wisdom in matters beyond human understanding.

Historical Context

Ancient people had limited geographical knowledge. The earth seemed vast and largely unknown. Modern exploration has mapped the planet, yet the universe's vastness now dwarfs ancient imagination. The principle remains—human knowledge is minuscule compared to God's omniscience. This would comfort Job and readers facing inexplicable circumstances.

Questions for Reflection

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