Job 27:18

Authorized King James Version

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He buildeth his house as a moth, and as a booth that the keeper maketh.

Original Language Analysis

בָּנָ֣ה He buildeth H1129
בָּנָ֣ה He buildeth
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 1 of 6
to build (literally and figuratively)
כָעָ֣שׁ as a moth H6211
כָעָ֣שׁ as a moth
Strong's: H6211
Word #: 2 of 6
a moth
בֵּית֑וֹ his house H1004
בֵּית֑וֹ his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 3 of 6
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וּ֝כְסֻכָּ֗ה and as a booth H5521
וּ֝כְסֻכָּ֗ה and as a booth
Strong's: H5521
Word #: 4 of 6
a hut or lair
עָשָׂ֥ה maketh H6213
עָשָׂ֥ה maketh
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 5 of 6
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
נֹצֵֽר׃ that the keeper H5341
נֹצֵֽר׃ that the keeper
Strong's: H5341
Word #: 6 of 6
to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

He buildeth his house as a moth—the Hebrew עָשׁ (ash, moth) creates a startling image. The moth's "house" is its cocoon, easily destroyed and temporary. Some translations render this "moth-eaten house," but the point is fragility—elaborate construction with no permanence. As a booth that the keeper maketh uses סֻכָּה (sukkah, temporary shelter), the same word for the temporary dwellings in the Feast of Tabernacles (Leviticus 23:42-43). A watchman's booth (נֹצֵר, notser, keeper/guard) was a flimsy structure in fields or vineyards, abandoned after harvest.

Job employs two images of impermanence: the moth's cocoon and the watchman's temporary hut. Despite the wicked person's investment in building security—house, wealth, legacy—it's fundamentally unstable. This contrasts with the righteous, whose house is built on the rock (Matthew 7:24-27). The imagery anticipates Jesus's teaching about foolish builders.

Historical Context

Ancient agricultural societies used temporary booths (sukkot) for field workers during planting and harvest. These simple structures provided minimal shelter and were abandoned afterward. Israel's Feast of Tabernacles commemorated wilderness wandering by requiring Israelites to dwell in temporary shelters (Leviticus 23:42-43), teaching dependence on God rather than permanent dwellings. Job's imagery would resonate powerfully with his original audience.

Questions for Reflection