Job 1:7

Authorized King James Version

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And the LORD said unto Satan, Whence comest thou? Then Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּאמַ֔ר and said H559
וַיֹּאמַ֔ר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 15
to say (used with great latitude)
יְהוָה֙ And the LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ And the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 2 of 15
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַשָּׂטָ֤ן thou Then Satan H7854
הַשָּׂטָ֤ן thou Then Satan
Strong's: H7854
Word #: 4 of 15
an opponent; especially (with the article prefixed) satan, the arch-enemy of good
מֵאַ֣יִן Whence H370
מֵאַ֣יִן Whence
Strong's: H370
Word #: 5 of 15
where? (only in connection with prepositional prefix, whence)
תָּבֹ֑א comest H935
תָּבֹ֑א comest
Strong's: H935
Word #: 6 of 15
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
וַיַּ֨עַן answered H6030
וַיַּ֨עַן answered
Strong's: H6030
Word #: 7 of 15
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
הַשָּׂטָ֤ן thou Then Satan H7854
הַשָּׂטָ֤ן thou Then Satan
Strong's: H7854
Word #: 8 of 15
an opponent; especially (with the article prefixed) satan, the arch-enemy of good
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְהוָה֙ And the LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ And the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 10 of 15
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וַיֹּאמַ֔ר and said H559
וַיֹּאמַ֔ר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 11 of 15
to say (used with great latitude)
מִשּׁ֣וּט From going to and fro H7751
מִשּׁ֣וּט From going to and fro
Strong's: H7751
Word #: 12 of 15
properly, to push forth; (but used only figuratively) to lash, i.e., (the sea with oars) to row; by implication, to travel
בָּאָ֔רֶץ in the earth H776
בָּאָ֔רֶץ in the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 13 of 15
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
וּמֵֽהִתְהַלֵּ֖ךְ and from walking up and down H1980
וּמֵֽהִתְהַלֵּ֖ךְ and from walking up and down
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 14 of 15
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
בָּֽהּ׃ H0
בָּֽהּ׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 15 of 15

Analysis & Commentary

God's question 'Whence comest thou?' is not seeking information but establishing Satan's limited authority. The adversary can only 'go to and fro' and 'walk up and down' - restless activity without ultimate power. Satan's roaming earth seeking whom he may devour (1 Peter 5:8) is depicted here as subject to divine interrogation.

Historical Context

The dialogue format reflects ancient legal proceedings where defendants must give account. God's sovereignty over Satan's movements anticipates the New Testament teaching that temptation is always limited by divine permission (1 Corinthians 10:13).

Questions for Reflection

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